docs/pwg/advanced-events.xml - imx-gstreamer - Git at Google

 <chapter id="chapter-advanced-events">
   <title>Events: Seeking, Navigation and More</title>
   <para>
     There are many different event types but only two ways they can travel in
     the pipeline: downstream or upstream. It is very important to understand
     how both of these methods work because if one element in the pipeline is not
     handling them correctly the whole event system of the pipeline is broken.
     We will try to explain here how these methods work and how elements are
     supposed to implement them.
   </para>
   <sect1 id="section-events-downstream" xreflabel="Downstream events">
     <title>Downstream events</title>
     <para>
       Downstream events are received through the sink pad's event handler,
       as set using <function>gst_pad_set_event_function ()</function> when
       the pad was created.
     </para>
     <para>
       Downstream events can travel in two ways: they can be in-band (serialised
       with the buffer flow) or out-of-band (travelling through the pipeline
       instantly, possibly not in the same thread as the streaming thread that
       is processing the buffers, skipping ahead of buffers being processed
       or queued in the pipeline). The most common downstream events
       (NEWSEGMENT, EOS, TAG) are all serialised with the buffer flow.
     </para>
     <para>
       Here is a typical event function:
     </para>
     <programlisting>
 static gboolean
 gst_my_filter_sink_event (GstPad  *pad, GstEvent * event)
 {
   GstMyFilter *filter;
   gboolean ret;

   filter = GST_MY_FILTER (gst_pad_get_parent (pad));
   ...

   switch (GST_EVENT_TYPE (event)) {
     case GST_EVENT_NEWSEGMENT:
       /* maybe save and/or update the current segment (e.g. for output
        * clipping) or convert the event into one in a different format
        * (e.g. BYTES to TIME) or drop it and set a flag to send a newsegment
        * event in a different format later */
       ret = gst_pad_push_event (filter-&gt;src_pad, event);
       break;
     case GST_EVENT_EOS:
       /* end-of-stream, we should close down all stream leftovers here */
       gst_my_filter_stop_processing (filter);
       ret = gst_pad_push_event (filter-&gt;src_pad, event);
       break;
     case GST_EVENT_FLUSH_STOP:
       gst_my_filter_clear_temporary_buffers (filter);
       ret = gst_pad_push_event (filter-&gt;src_pad, event);
       break;
     default:
       ret = gst_pad_event_default (pad, event);
       break;
   }

   ...
   gst_object_unref (filter);
   return ret;
 }
     </programlisting>
   <para>
     If your element is chain-based, you will almost always have to implement
     a sink event function, since that is how you are notified about
     new segments and the end of the stream.
   </para>
   <para>
     If your element is exclusively loop-based, you may or may not want a
     sink event function (since the element is driving the pipeline it will
     know the length of the stream in advance or be notified by the flow
     return value of <function>gst_pad_pull_range()</function>. In some cases
     even loop-based element may receive events from upstream though (for
     example audio decoders with an id3demux or apedemux element in front of
     them, or demuxers that are being fed input from sources that send
     additional information about the stream in custom events, as DVD sources
     do).
   </para>
   </sect1>
   <sect1 id="section-events-upstream" xreflabel="Upstream events">
     <title>Upstream events</title>
     <para>
       Upstream events are generated by an element somewhere downstream in
       the pipeline (example: a video sink may generate navigation
       events that informs upstream elements about the current position of
       the mouse pointer). This may also happen indirectly on request of the
       application, for example when the application executes a seek on a
       pipeline this seek request will be passed on to a sink element which
       will then in turn generate an upstream seek event.
     </para>
     <para>
       The most common upstream events are seek events and Quality-of-Service
       (QoS) events.
     </para>
     <para>
       An upstream event can be sent using the
       <function>gst_pad_send_event</function> function. This
       function simply call the default event handler of that pad. The default
       event handler of pads is <function>gst_pad_event_default</function>, and
       it basically sends the event to the peer pad. So upstream events always
       arrive on the src pad of your element and are handled by the default event
       handler except if you override that handler to handle it yourself. There
       are some specific cases where you have to do that :
     </para>
     <itemizedlist mark="opencircle">
       <listitem>
         <para>
           If you have multiple sink pads in your element. In that case you will
           have to decide which one of the sink pads you will send the event to
           (if not all of them).
         </para>
       </listitem>
       <listitem>
         <para>
           If you need to handle that event locally. For example a navigation
           event that you will want to convert before sending it upstream, or
           a QoS event that you want to handle.
         </para>
       </listitem>
     </itemizedlist>
     <para>
       The processing you will do in that event handler does not really matter
       but there are important rules you have to absolutely respect because
       one broken element event handler is breaking the whole pipeline event
       handling. Here they are :
     </para>
     <itemizedlist mark="opencircle">
       <listitem>
         <para>
           Always forward events you won't handle upstream using the default
           <function>gst_pad_event_default</function> method.
         </para>
       </listitem>
       <listitem>
         <para>
           If you are generating some new event based on the one you received
           don't forget to gst_event_unref the event you received.
         </para>
       </listitem>
       <listitem>
         <para>
           Event handler function are supposed to return TRUE or FALSE indicating
           if the event has been handled or not. Never simply return TRUE/FALSE
           in that handler except if you really know that you have handled that
           event.
         </para>
       </listitem>
       <listitem>
         <para>
           Remember that the event handler might be called from a different
           thread than the streaming thread, so make sure you use
           appropriate locking everywhere and at the beginning of the function
           obtain a reference to your element via the
           <function>gst_pad_get_parent()</function> (and release it again at
           the end of the function with <function>gst_object_unref ()</function>.
         </para>
       </listitem>
     </itemizedlist>
   </sect1>

   <sect1 id="section-events-definitions" xreflabel="All Events Together">
     <title>All Events Together</title>
     <para>
       In this chapter follows a list of all defined events that are currently
       being used, plus how they should be used/interpreted. You can check the
       what type a certain event is using the GST_EVENT_TYPE macro (or if you
       need a string for debugging purposes you can use GST_EVENT_TYPE_NAME).
     </para>
     <para>
       In this chapter, we will discuss the following events:
     </para>
     <itemizedlist>
       <listitem><para><xref linkend="section-events-eos"/></para></listitem>
       <listitem><para><xref linkend="section-events-flush-start"/></para></listitem>
       <listitem><para><xref linkend="section-events-flush-stop"/></para></listitem>
       <listitem><para><xref linkend="section-events-newsegment"/></para></listitem>
       <listitem><para><xref linkend="section-events-seek"/></para></listitem>
       <listitem><para><xref linkend="section-events-nav"/></para></listitem>
       <listitem><para><xref linkend="section-events-tag"/></para></listitem>
     </itemizedlist>
     <para>
       For more comprehensive information about events and how they should be
       used correctly in various circumstances please consult the GStreamer
       design documentation. This section only gives a general overview.
     </para>

     <sect2 id="section-events-eos" xreflabel="End of Stream (EOS)">
       <title>End of Stream (EOS)</title>
       <para>
         End-of-stream events are sent if the stream that an element sends out
         is finished. An element receiving this event (from upstream, so it
         receives it on its sinkpad) will generally just process any buffered
         data (if there is any) and then forward the event further downstream.
         The <function>gst_pad_event_default ()</function> takes care of all
         this, so most elements do not need to support this event. Exceptions are
         elements that explicitly need to close a resource down on EOS, and
         N-to-1 elements. Note that the stream itself is <emphasis>not</emphasis>
         a resource that should be closed down on EOS! Applications might seek
         back to a point before EOS and continue playing again.
       </para>
       <para>
         The EOS event has no properties, which makes it one of the simplest
         events in &GStreamer;. It is created using the
         <function>gst_event_new_eos()</function> function.
       </para>
       <para>
         It is important to note that <emphasis>only elements driving the
         pipeline should ever send an EOS event</emphasis>. If your element
         is chain-based, it is not driving the pipeline. Chain-based elements
         should just return GST_FLOW_UNEXPECTED from their chain function at
         the end of the stream (or the configured segment), the upstream
         element that is driving the pipeline will then take care of
         sending the EOS event (or alternatively post a SEGMENT_DONE message
         on the bus depending on the mode of operation). If you are implementing
         your own source element, you also do not need to ever manually send
         an EOS event, you should also just return GST_FLOW_UNEXPECTED in
         your create function (assuming your element derives from GstBaseSrc
         or GstPushSrc).
       </para>
     </sect2>

     <sect2 id="section-events-flush-start" xreflabel="Flush Start">
       <title>Flush Start</title>
       <para>
         The flush start event is sent downstream if all buffers and caches
         in the pipeline should be emptied. <quote>Queue</quote> elements will
         empty their internal list of buffers when they receive this event, for
         example. File sink elements (e.g. <quote>filesink</quote>) will flush
         the kernel-to-disk cache (<function>fdatasync ()</function> or
         <function>fflush ()</function>) when they receive this event. Normally,
         elements receiving this event will simply just forward it, since most
         filter or filter-like elements don't have an internal cache of data.
         <function>gst_pad_event_default ()</function> does just that, so for
         most elements, it is enough to forward the event using the default
         event handler.
       </para>
       <para>
         As a side-effect of flushing all data from the pipeline, this event
         unblocks the streaming thread by making all pads reject data until
         they receive a <xref linkend="section-events-flush-stop"/> signal
         (elements trying to push data will get a WRONG_STATE flow return
          and stop processing data).
       </para>
       <para>
         The flush-start event is created with the
         <function>gst_event_new_flush_start ()</function>.
         Like the EOS event, it has no properties. This event is usually
         only created by elements driving the pipeline, like source elements
         operating in push-mode or pull-range based demuxers/decoders.
       </para>
     </sect2>

     <sect2 id="section-events-flush-stop" xreflabel="Flush Stop">
       <title>Flush Stop</title>
       <para>
         The flush-stop event is sent by an element driving the pipeline
         after a flush-start and tells pads and elements downstream that
         they should accept events and buffers again (there will be at
         least a NEWSEGMENT event before any buffers first though).
       </para>
       <para>
         If your element keeps temporary caches of stream data, it should
         clear them when it receives a FLUSH-STOP event (and also whenever
         its chain function receives a buffer with the DISCONT flag set).
       </para>
       <para>
         The flush-stop event is created with
         <function>gst_event_new_flush_stop ()</function>. Like the EOS event,
         it has no properties.
       </para>
     </sect2>

     <sect2 id="section-events-newsegment" xreflabel="New Segment">
       <title>New Segment</title>
       <para>
         A new segment event is sent downstream to either announce a new
         segment of data in the data stream or to update the current segment
         with new values. A new segment event must always be sent before the
         first buffer of data and after a flush (see above).
       </para>
       <para>
         The first new segment event is created by the element driving the
         pipeline, like a source operating in push-mode or a demuxer/decoder
         operating pull-based. This new segment event then travels down the
         pipeline and may be transformed on the way (a decoder, for example,
         might receive a new-segment event in BYTES format and might transform
         this into a new-segment event in TIMES format based on the average
         bitrate).
       </para>
       <para>
         New segment events may also be used to indicate 'gaps' in the stream,
         like in a subtitle stream for example where there may not be any
         data at all for a considerable amount of (stream) time. This is done
         by updating the segment start of the current segment (see the design
         documentation for more details).
       </para>
       <para>
         Depending on the element type, the event can simply be forwarded using
         <function>gst_pad_event_default ()</function>, or it should be parsed
         and a modified event should be sent on. The last is true for demuxers,
         which generally have a byte-to-time conversion concept. Their input
         is usually byte-based, so the incoming event will have an offset in
         byte units (<symbol>GST_FORMAT_BYTES</symbol>), too. Elements
         downstream, however, expect new segment events in time units, so that
         it can be used to update the pipeline clock. Therefore, demuxers and
         similar elements should not forward the event, but parse it, free it
         and send a new newsegment event (in time units,
         <symbol>GST_FORMAT_TIME</symbol>) further downstream.
       </para>
       <para>
         The newsegment event is created using the function
         <function>gst_event_new_new_segment ()</function>. See the API
         reference and design document for details about its parameters.
       </para>
       <para>
         Elements parsing this event can use gst_event_parse_new_segment_full()
         to extract the event details. Elements may find the GstSegment
         API useful to keep track of the current segment (if they want to use
         it for output clipping, for example).
       </para>
     </sect2>

     <sect2 id="section-events-seek" xreflabel="Seek Request">
       <title>Seek Request</title>
       <para>
         Seek events are meant to request a new stream position to elements.
         This new position can be set in several formats (time, bytes or
         <quote>default units</quote> [a term indicating frames for video,
         channel-independent samples for audio, etc.]). Seeking can be done with
         respect to the end-of-file, start-of-file or current position, and
         usually happens in upstream direction (downstream seeking is done by
         sending a NEWSEGMENT event with the appropriate offsets for elements
         that support that, like filesink).
       </para>
       <para>
         Elements receiving seek events should, depending on the element type,
         either just forward it upstream (filters, decoders), change the
         format in which the event is given and then forward it (demuxers),
         or handle the event by changing the file pointer in their internal
         stream resource (file sources, demuxers/decoders driving the pipeline
         in pull-mode) or something else.
       </para>
       <para>
         Seek events are built up using positions in specified formats (time,
         bytes, units). They are created using the function
         <function>gst_event_new_seek ()</function>. Note that many plugins do
         not support seeking from the end of the stream or from the current
         position. An element not driving the pipeline and forwarding a seek
         request should not assume that the seek succeeded or actually happened,
         it should operate based on the NEWSEGMENT events it receives.
       </para>
       <para>
         Elements parsing this event can do this using
         <function>gst_event_parse_seek()</function>.
       </para>
     </sect2>

     <sect2 id="section-events-nav" xreflabel="Navigation">
       <title>Navigation</title>
       <para>
         Navigation events are sent upstream by video sinks to inform upstream
         elements of where the mouse pointer is, if and where mouse pointer
         clicks have happened, or if keys have been pressed or released.
       </para>
       <para>
         All this information is contained in the event structure which can
         be obtained with <function>gst_event_get_structure ()</function>.
       </para>
       <para>
         Check out the navigationtest element in gst-plugins-good for an idea
         how to extract navigation information from this event.
       </para>
     </sect2>

     <sect2 id="section-events-tag" xreflabel="Tag (metadata)">
       <title>Tag (metadata)</title>
       <para>
         Tagging events are being sent downstream to indicate the tags as parsed
         from the stream data. This is currently used to preserve tags during
         stream transcoding from one format to the other. Tags are discussed
         extensively in <xref linkend="chapter-advanced-tagging"/>. Most
         elements will simply forward the event by calling
         <function>gst_pad_event_default ()</function>.
       </para>
       <para>
         The tag event is created using the function
         <function>gst_event_new_tag ()</function>, but more often elements will
         use either the <function>gst_element_found_tags ()</function> function
         or the <function>gst_element_found_tags_for_pad ()</function>, which
         will do both: post a tag message on the bus and send a tag event
         downstream. All of these functions require a filled-in taglist as
         argument, which they will take ownership of.
       </para>
       <para>
         Elements parsing this event can use the function
         <function>gst_event_parse_tag ()</function> to acquire the
         taglist that the event contains.
       </para>
     </sect2>
   </sect1>
 </chapter>
	<chapter id="chapter-advanced-events">
	<title>Events: Seeking, Navigation and More</title>
	<para>
	There are many different event types but only two ways they can travel in
	the pipeline: downstream or upstream. It is very important to understand
	how both of these methods work because if one element in the pipeline is not
	handling them correctly the whole event system of the pipeline is broken.
	We will try to explain here how these methods work and how elements are
	supposed to implement them.
	</para>
	<sect1 id="section-events-downstream" xreflabel="Downstream events">
	<title>Downstream events</title>
	<para>
	Downstream events are received through the sink pad's event handler,
	as set using <function>gst_pad_set_event_function ()</function> when
	the pad was created.
	</para>
	<para>
	Downstream events can travel in two ways: they can be in-band (serialised
	with the buffer flow) or out-of-band (travelling through the pipeline
	instantly, possibly not in the same thread as the streaming thread that
	is processing the buffers, skipping ahead of buffers being processed
	or queued in the pipeline). The most common downstream events
	(NEWSEGMENT, EOS, TAG) are all serialised with the buffer flow.
	</para>
	<para>
	Here is a typical event function:
	</para>
	<programlisting>
	static gboolean
	gst_my_filter_sink_event (GstPad pad, GstEvent event)
	{
	GstMyFilter *filter;
	gboolean ret;

	filter = GST_MY_FILTER (gst_pad_get_parent (pad));
	...

	switch (GST_EVENT_TYPE (event)) {
	case GST_EVENT_NEWSEGMENT:
	/* maybe save and/or update the current segment (e.g. for output
	* clipping) or convert the event into one in a different format
	* (e.g. BYTES to TIME) or drop it and set a flag to send a newsegment
	* event in a different format later */
	ret = gst_pad_push_event (filter->src_pad, event);
	break;
	case GST_EVENT_EOS:
	/* end-of-stream, we should close down all stream leftovers here */
	gst_my_filter_stop_processing (filter);
	ret = gst_pad_push_event (filter->src_pad, event);
	break;
	case GST_EVENT_FLUSH_STOP:
	gst_my_filter_clear_temporary_buffers (filter);
	ret = gst_pad_push_event (filter->src_pad, event);
	break;
	default:
	ret = gst_pad_event_default (pad, event);
	break;
	}

	...
	gst_object_unref (filter);
	return ret;
	}
	</programlisting>
	<para>
	If your element is chain-based, you will almost always have to implement
	a sink event function, since that is how you are notified about
	new segments and the end of the stream.
	</para>
	<para>
	If your element is exclusively loop-based, you may or may not want a
	sink event function (since the element is driving the pipeline it will
	know the length of the stream in advance or be notified by the flow
	return value of <function>gst_pad_pull_range()</function>. In some cases
	even loop-based element may receive events from upstream though (for
	example audio decoders with an id3demux or apedemux element in front of
	them, or demuxers that are being fed input from sources that send
	additional information about the stream in custom events, as DVD sources
	do).
	</para>
	</sect1>
	<sect1 id="section-events-upstream" xreflabel="Upstream events">
	<title>Upstream events</title>
	<para>
	Upstream events are generated by an element somewhere downstream in
	the pipeline (example: a video sink may generate navigation
	events that informs upstream elements about the current position of
	the mouse pointer). This may also happen indirectly on request of the
	application, for example when the application executes a seek on a
	pipeline this seek request will be passed on to a sink element which
	will then in turn generate an upstream seek event.
	</para>
	<para>
	The most common upstream events are seek events and Quality-of-Service
	(QoS) events.
	</para>
	<para>
	An upstream event can be sent using the
	<function>gst_pad_send_event</function> function. This
	function simply call the default event handler of that pad. The default
	event handler of pads is <function>gst_pad_event_default</function>, and
	it basically sends the event to the peer pad. So upstream events always
	arrive on the src pad of your element and are handled by the default event
	handler except if you override that handler to handle it yourself. There
	are some specific cases where you have to do that :
	</para>
	<itemizedlist mark="opencircle">
	<listitem>
	<para>
	If you have multiple sink pads in your element. In that case you will
	have to decide which one of the sink pads you will send the event to
	(if not all of them).
	</para>
	</listitem>
	<listitem>
	<para>
	If you need to handle that event locally. For example a navigation
	event that you will want to convert before sending it upstream, or
	a QoS event that you want to handle.
	</para>
	</listitem>
	</itemizedlist>
	<para>
	The processing you will do in that event handler does not really matter
	but there are important rules you have to absolutely respect because
	one broken element event handler is breaking the whole pipeline event
	handling. Here they are :
	</para>
	<itemizedlist mark="opencircle">
	<listitem>
	<para>
	Always forward events you won't handle upstream using the default
	<function>gst_pad_event_default</function> method.
	</para>
	</listitem>
	<listitem>
	<para>
	If you are generating some new event based on the one you received
	don't forget to gst_event_unref the event you received.
	</para>
	</listitem>
	<listitem>
	<para>
	Event handler function are supposed to return TRUE or FALSE indicating
	if the event has been handled or not. Never simply return TRUE/FALSE
	in that handler except if you really know that you have handled that
	event.
	</para>
	</listitem>
	<listitem>
	<para>
	Remember that the event handler might be called from a different
	thread than the streaming thread, so make sure you use
	appropriate locking everywhere and at the beginning of the function
	obtain a reference to your element via the
	<function>gst_pad_get_parent()</function> (and release it again at
	the end of the function with <function>gst_object_unref ()</function>.
	</para>
	</listitem>
	</itemizedlist>
	</sect1>

	<sect1 id="section-events-definitions" xreflabel="All Events Together">
	<title>All Events Together</title>
	<para>
	In this chapter follows a list of all defined events that are currently
	being used, plus how they should be used/interpreted. You can check the
	what type a certain event is using the GST_EVENT_TYPE macro (or if you
	need a string for debugging purposes you can use GST_EVENT_TYPE_NAME).
	</para>
	<para>
	In this chapter, we will discuss the following events:
	</para>
	<itemizedlist>
	<listitem><para><xref linkend="section-events-eos"/></para></listitem>
	<listitem><para><xref linkend="section-events-flush-start"/></para></listitem>
	<listitem><para><xref linkend="section-events-flush-stop"/></para></listitem>
	<listitem><para><xref linkend="section-events-newsegment"/></para></listitem>
	<listitem><para><xref linkend="section-events-seek"/></para></listitem>
	<listitem><para><xref linkend="section-events-nav"/></para></listitem>
	<listitem><para><xref linkend="section-events-tag"/></para></listitem>
	</itemizedlist>
	<para>
	For more comprehensive information about events and how they should be
	used correctly in various circumstances please consult the GStreamer
	design documentation. This section only gives a general overview.
	</para>

	<sect2 id="section-events-eos" xreflabel="End of Stream (EOS)">
	<title>End of Stream (EOS)</title>
	<para>
	End-of-stream events are sent if the stream that an element sends out
	is finished. An element receiving this event (from upstream, so it
	receives it on its sinkpad) will generally just process any buffered
	data (if there is any) and then forward the event further downstream.
	The <function>gst_pad_event_default ()</function> takes care of all
	this, so most elements do not need to support this event. Exceptions are
	elements that explicitly need to close a resource down on EOS, and
	N-to-1 elements. Note that the stream itself is <emphasis>not</emphasis>
	a resource that should be closed down on EOS! Applications might seek
	back to a point before EOS and continue playing again.
	</para>
	<para>
	The EOS event has no properties, which makes it one of the simplest
	events in &GStreamer;. It is created using the
	<function>gst_event_new_eos()</function> function.
	</para>
	<para>
	It is important to note that <emphasis>only elements driving the
	pipeline should ever send an EOS event</emphasis>. If your element
	is chain-based, it is not driving the pipeline. Chain-based elements
	should just return GST_FLOW_UNEXPECTED from their chain function at
	the end of the stream (or the configured segment), the upstream
	element that is driving the pipeline will then take care of
	sending the EOS event (or alternatively post a SEGMENT_DONE message
	on the bus depending on the mode of operation). If you are implementing
	your own source element, you also do not need to ever manually send
	an EOS event, you should also just return GST_FLOW_UNEXPECTED in
	your create function (assuming your element derives from GstBaseSrc
	or GstPushSrc).
	</para>
	</sect2>

	<sect2 id="section-events-flush-start" xreflabel="Flush Start">
	<title>Flush Start</title>
	<para>
	The flush start event is sent downstream if all buffers and caches
	in the pipeline should be emptied. <quote>Queue</quote> elements will
	empty their internal list of buffers when they receive this event, for
	example. File sink elements (e.g. <quote>filesink</quote>) will flush
	the kernel-to-disk cache (<function>fdatasync ()</function> or
	<function>fflush ()</function>) when they receive this event. Normally,
	elements receiving this event will simply just forward it, since most
	filter or filter-like elements don't have an internal cache of data.
	<function>gst_pad_event_default ()</function> does just that, so for
	most elements, it is enough to forward the event using the default
	event handler.
	</para>
	<para>
	As a side-effect of flushing all data from the pipeline, this event
	unblocks the streaming thread by making all pads reject data until
	they receive a <xref linkend="section-events-flush-stop"/> signal
	(elements trying to push data will get a WRONG_STATE flow return
	and stop processing data).
	</para>
	<para>
	The flush-start event is created with the
	<function>gst_event_new_flush_start ()</function>.
	Like the EOS event, it has no properties. This event is usually
	only created by elements driving the pipeline, like source elements
	operating in push-mode or pull-range based demuxers/decoders.
	</para>
	</sect2>

	<sect2 id="section-events-flush-stop" xreflabel="Flush Stop">
	<title>Flush Stop</title>
	<para>
	The flush-stop event is sent by an element driving the pipeline
	after a flush-start and tells pads and elements downstream that
	they should accept events and buffers again (there will be at
	least a NEWSEGMENT event before any buffers first though).
	</para>
	<para>
	If your element keeps temporary caches of stream data, it should
	clear them when it receives a FLUSH-STOP event (and also whenever
	its chain function receives a buffer with the DISCONT flag set).
	</para>
	<para>
	The flush-stop event is created with
	<function>gst_event_new_flush_stop ()</function>. Like the EOS event,
	it has no properties.
	</para>
	</sect2>

	<sect2 id="section-events-newsegment" xreflabel="New Segment">
	<title>New Segment</title>
	<para>
	A new segment event is sent downstream to either announce a new
	segment of data in the data stream or to update the current segment
	with new values. A new segment event must always be sent before the
	first buffer of data and after a flush (see above).
	</para>
	<para>
	The first new segment event is created by the element driving the
	pipeline, like a source operating in push-mode or a demuxer/decoder
	operating pull-based. This new segment event then travels down the
	pipeline and may be transformed on the way (a decoder, for example,
	might receive a new-segment event in BYTES format and might transform
	this into a new-segment event in TIMES format based on the average
	bitrate).
	</para>
	<para>
	New segment events may also be used to indicate 'gaps' in the stream,
	like in a subtitle stream for example where there may not be any
	data at all for a considerable amount of (stream) time. This is done
	by updating the segment start of the current segment (see the design
	documentation for more details).
	</para>
	<para>
	Depending on the element type, the event can simply be forwarded using
	<function>gst_pad_event_default ()</function>, or it should be parsed
	and a modified event should be sent on. The last is true for demuxers,
	which generally have a byte-to-time conversion concept. Their input
	is usually byte-based, so the incoming event will have an offset in
	byte units (<symbol>GST_FORMAT_BYTES</symbol>), too. Elements
	downstream, however, expect new segment events in time units, so that
	it can be used to update the pipeline clock. Therefore, demuxers and
	similar elements should not forward the event, but parse it, free it
	and send a new newsegment event (in time units,
	<symbol>GST_FORMAT_TIME</symbol>) further downstream.
	</para>
	<para>
	The newsegment event is created using the function
	<function>gst_event_new_new_segment ()</function>. See the API
	reference and design document for details about its parameters.
	</para>
	<para>
	Elements parsing this event can use gst_event_parse_new_segment_full()
	to extract the event details. Elements may find the GstSegment
	API useful to keep track of the current segment (if they want to use
	it for output clipping, for example).
	</para>
	</sect2>

	<sect2 id="section-events-seek" xreflabel="Seek Request">
	<title>Seek Request</title>
	<para>
	Seek events are meant to request a new stream position to elements.
	This new position can be set in several formats (time, bytes or
	<quote>default units</quote> [a term indicating frames for video,
	channel-independent samples for audio, etc.]). Seeking can be done with
	respect to the end-of-file, start-of-file or current position, and
	usually happens in upstream direction (downstream seeking is done by
	sending a NEWSEGMENT event with the appropriate offsets for elements
	that support that, like filesink).
	</para>
	<para>
	Elements receiving seek events should, depending on the element type,
	either just forward it upstream (filters, decoders), change the
	format in which the event is given and then forward it (demuxers),
	or handle the event by changing the file pointer in their internal
	stream resource (file sources, demuxers/decoders driving the pipeline
	in pull-mode) or something else.
	</para>
	<para>
	Seek events are built up using positions in specified formats (time,
	bytes, units). They are created using the function
	<function>gst_event_new_seek ()</function>. Note that many plugins do
	not support seeking from the end of the stream or from the current
	position. An element not driving the pipeline and forwarding a seek
	request should not assume that the seek succeeded or actually happened,
	it should operate based on the NEWSEGMENT events it receives.
	</para>
	<para>
	Elements parsing this event can do this using
	<function>gst_event_parse_seek()</function>.
	</para>
	</sect2>

	<sect2 id="section-events-nav" xreflabel="Navigation">
	<title>Navigation</title>
	<para>
	Navigation events are sent upstream by video sinks to inform upstream
	elements of where the mouse pointer is, if and where mouse pointer
	clicks have happened, or if keys have been pressed or released.
	</para>
	<para>
	All this information is contained in the event structure which can
	be obtained with <function>gst_event_get_structure ()</function>.
	</para>
	<para>
	Check out the navigationtest element in gst-plugins-good for an idea
	how to extract navigation information from this event.
	</para>
	</sect2>

	<sect2 id="section-events-tag" xreflabel="Tag (metadata)">
	<title>Tag (metadata)</title>
	<para>
	Tagging events are being sent downstream to indicate the tags as parsed
	from the stream data. This is currently used to preserve tags during
	stream transcoding from one format to the other. Tags are discussed
	extensively in <xref linkend="chapter-advanced-tagging"/>. Most
	elements will simply forward the event by calling
	<function>gst_pad_event_default ()</function>.
	</para>
	<para>
	The tag event is created using the function
	<function>gst_event_new_tag ()</function>, but more often elements will
	use either the <function>gst_element_found_tags ()</function> function
	or the <function>gst_element_found_tags_for_pad ()</function>, which
	will do both: post a tag message on the bus and send a tag event
	downstream. All of these functions require a filled-in taglist as
	argument, which they will take ownership of.
	</para>
	<para>
	Elements parsing this event can use the function
	<function>gst_event_parse_tag ()</function> to acquire the
	taglist that the event contains.
	</para>
	</sect2>
	</sect1>
	</chapter>