adb/usb_osx.cpp - android-core - Git at Google

 /*
  * Copyright (C) 2007 The Android Open Source Project
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
  * You may obtain a copy of the License at
  *
  *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
  *
  * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
  * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
  * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
  * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
  * limitations under the License.
  */

 #define TRACE_TAG TRACE_USB

 #include "sysdeps.h"

 #include <CoreFoundation/CoreFoundation.h>

 #include <IOKit/IOKitLib.h>
 #include <IOKit/IOCFPlugIn.h>
 #include <IOKit/usb/IOUSBLib.h>
 #include <IOKit/IOMessage.h>
 #include <mach/mach_port.h>

 #include <inttypes.h>
 #include <stdio.h>

 #include "adb.h"
 #include "transport.h"

 #define  DBG   D

 static IONotificationPortRef    notificationPort = 0;
 static io_iterator_t            notificationIterator;

 struct usb_handle
 {
     UInt8                     bulkIn;
     UInt8                     bulkOut;
     IOUSBInterfaceInterface   **interface;
     io_object_t               usbNotification;
     unsigned int              zero_mask;
 };

 static CFRunLoopRef currentRunLoop = 0;
 static pthread_mutex_t start_lock;
 static pthread_cond_t start_cond;


 static void AndroidInterfaceAdded(void *refCon, io_iterator_t iterator);
 static void AndroidInterfaceNotify(void *refCon, io_iterator_t iterator,
                                    natural_t messageType,
                                    void *messageArgument);
 static usb_handle* CheckInterface(IOUSBInterfaceInterface **iface,
                                   UInt16 vendor, UInt16 product);

 static int
 InitUSB()
 {
     CFMutableDictionaryRef  matchingDict;
     CFRunLoopSourceRef      runLoopSource;

     //* To set up asynchronous notifications, create a notification port and
     //* add its run loop event source to the program's run loop
     notificationPort = IONotificationPortCreate(kIOMasterPortDefault);
     runLoopSource = IONotificationPortGetRunLoopSource(notificationPort);
     CFRunLoopAddSource(CFRunLoopGetCurrent(), runLoopSource, kCFRunLoopDefaultMode);

     //* Create our matching dictionary to find the Android device's
     //* adb interface
     //* IOServiceAddMatchingNotification consumes the reference, so we do
     //* not need to release this
     matchingDict = IOServiceMatching(kIOUSBInterfaceClassName);

     if (!matchingDict) {
         DBG("ERR: Couldn't create USB matching dictionary.\n");
         return -1;
     }

     //* We have to get notifications for all potential candidates and test them
     //* at connection time because the matching rules don't allow for a
     //* USB interface class of 0xff for class+subclass+protocol matches
     //* See https://developer.apple.com/library/mac/qa/qa1076/_index.html
     IOServiceAddMatchingNotification(
             notificationPort,
             kIOFirstMatchNotification,
             matchingDict,
             AndroidInterfaceAdded,
             NULL,
             &notificationIterator);

     //* Iterate over set of matching interfaces to access already-present
     //* devices and to arm the notification
     AndroidInterfaceAdded(NULL, notificationIterator);

     return 0;
 }

 static void
 AndroidInterfaceAdded(void *refCon, io_iterator_t iterator)
 {
     kern_return_t            kr;
     io_service_t             usbDevice;
     io_service_t             usbInterface;
     IOCFPlugInInterface      **plugInInterface = NULL;
     IOUSBInterfaceInterface220  **iface = NULL;
     IOUSBDeviceInterface197  **dev = NULL;
     HRESULT                  result;
     SInt32                   score;
     UInt32                   locationId;
     UInt8                    if_class, subclass, protocol;
     UInt16                   vendor;
     UInt16                   product;
     UInt8                    serialIndex;
     char                     serial[256];
     char                     devpathBuf[64];
     char                     *devpath = NULL;

     while ((usbInterface = IOIteratorNext(iterator))) {
         //* Create an intermediate interface plugin
         kr = IOCreatePlugInInterfaceForService(usbInterface,
                                                kIOUSBInterfaceUserClientTypeID,
                                                kIOCFPlugInInterfaceID,
                                                &plugInInterface, &score);
         IOObjectRelease(usbInterface);
         if ((kIOReturnSuccess != kr) || (!plugInInterface)) {
             DBG("ERR: Unable to create an interface plug-in (%08x)\n", kr);
             continue;
         }

         //* This gets us the interface object
         result = (*plugInInterface)->QueryInterface(
             plugInInterface,
             CFUUIDGetUUIDBytes(kIOUSBInterfaceInterfaceID), (LPVOID*)&iface);
         //* We only needed the plugin to get the interface, so discard it
         (*plugInInterface)->Release(plugInInterface);
         if (result || !iface) {
             DBG("ERR: Couldn't query the interface (%08x)\n", (int) result);
             continue;
         }

         kr = (*iface)->GetInterfaceClass(iface, &if_class);
         kr = (*iface)->GetInterfaceSubClass(iface, &subclass);
         kr = (*iface)->GetInterfaceProtocol(iface, &protocol);
         if(if_class != ADB_CLASS || subclass != ADB_SUBCLASS || protocol != ADB_PROTOCOL) {
             // Ignore non-ADB devices.
             DBG("Ignoring interface with incorrect class/subclass/protocol - %d, %d, %d\n", if_class, subclass, protocol);
             (*iface)->Release(iface);
             continue;
         }

         //* this gets us an ioservice, with which we will find the actual
         //* device; after getting a plugin, and querying the interface, of
         //* course.
         //* Gotta love OS X
         kr = (*iface)->GetDevice(iface, &usbDevice);
         if (kIOReturnSuccess != kr || !usbDevice) {
             DBG("ERR: Couldn't grab device from interface (%08x)\n", kr);
             continue;
         }

         plugInInterface = NULL;
         score = 0;
         //* create an intermediate device plugin
         kr = IOCreatePlugInInterfaceForService(usbDevice,
                                                kIOUSBDeviceUserClientTypeID,
                                                kIOCFPlugInInterfaceID,
                                                &plugInInterface, &score);
         //* only needed this to find the plugin
         (void)IOObjectRelease(usbDevice);
         if ((kIOReturnSuccess != kr) || (!plugInInterface)) {
             DBG("ERR: Unable to create a device plug-in (%08x)\n", kr);
             continue;
         }

         result = (*plugInInterface)->QueryInterface(plugInInterface,
             CFUUIDGetUUIDBytes(kIOUSBDeviceInterfaceID), (LPVOID*)&dev);
         //* only needed this to query the plugin
         (*plugInInterface)->Release(plugInInterface);
         if (result || !dev) {
             DBG("ERR: Couldn't create a device interface (%08x)\n",
                 (int) result);
             continue;
         }

         //* Now after all that, we actually have a ref to the device and
         //* the interface that matched our criteria
         kr = (*dev)->GetDeviceVendor(dev, &vendor);
         kr = (*dev)->GetDeviceProduct(dev, &product);
         kr = (*dev)->GetLocationID(dev, &locationId);
         if (kr == 0) {
             snprintf(devpathBuf, sizeof(devpathBuf), "usb:%" PRIu32 "X",
 	             (unsigned int)locationId);
             devpath = devpathBuf;
         }
         kr = (*dev)->USBGetSerialNumberStringIndex(dev, &serialIndex);

 	if (serialIndex > 0) {
 		IOUSBDevRequest req;
 		UInt16          buffer[256];
 		UInt16          languages[128];

 		memset(languages, 0, sizeof(languages));

 		req.bmRequestType =
 			USBmakebmRequestType(kUSBIn, kUSBStandard, kUSBDevice);
 		req.bRequest = kUSBRqGetDescriptor;
 		req.wValue = (kUSBStringDesc << 8) | 0;
 		req.wIndex = 0;
 		req.pData = languages;
 		req.wLength = sizeof(languages);
 		kr = (*dev)->DeviceRequest(dev, &req);

 		if (kr == kIOReturnSuccess && req.wLenDone > 0) {

 			int langCount = (req.wLenDone - 2) / 2, lang;

 			for (lang = 1; lang <= langCount; lang++) {

                                 memset(buffer, 0, sizeof(buffer));
                                 memset(&req, 0, sizeof(req));

 				req.bmRequestType =
 					USBmakebmRequestType(kUSBIn, kUSBStandard, kUSBDevice);
 				req.bRequest = kUSBRqGetDescriptor;
 				req.wValue = (kUSBStringDesc << 8) | serialIndex;
 				req.wIndex = languages[lang];
 				req.pData = buffer;
 				req.wLength = sizeof(buffer);
 				kr = (*dev)->DeviceRequest(dev, &req);

 				if (kr == kIOReturnSuccess && req.wLenDone > 0) {
 					int i, count;

 					// skip first word, and copy the rest to the serial string,
 					// changing shorts to bytes.
 					count = (req.wLenDone - 1) / 2;
 					for (i = 0; i < count; i++)
 						serial[i] = buffer[i + 1];
 					serial[i] = 0;
                                         break;
 				}
 			}
 		}
 	}
         (*dev)->Release(dev);

         DBG("INFO: Found vid=%04x pid=%04x serial=%s\n", vendor, product,
             serial);

         usb_handle* handle = CheckInterface((IOUSBInterfaceInterface**)iface,
                                             vendor, product);
         if (handle == NULL) {
             DBG("ERR: Could not find device interface: %08x\n", kr);
             (*iface)->Release(iface);
             continue;
         }

         DBG("AndroidDeviceAdded calling register_usb_transport\n");
         register_usb_transport(handle, (serial[0] ? serial : NULL), devpath, 1);

         // Register for an interest notification of this device being removed.
         // Pass the reference to our private data as the refCon for the
         // notification.
         kr = IOServiceAddInterestNotification(notificationPort,
                 usbInterface,
                 kIOGeneralInterest,
                 AndroidInterfaceNotify,
                 handle,
                 &handle->usbNotification);

         if (kIOReturnSuccess != kr) {
             DBG("ERR: Unable to create interest notification (%08x)\n", kr);
         }
     }
 }

 static void
 AndroidInterfaceNotify(void *refCon, io_service_t service, natural_t messageType, void *messageArgument)
 {
     usb_handle *handle = (usb_handle *)refCon;

     if (messageType == kIOMessageServiceIsTerminated) {
         if (!handle) {
             DBG("ERR: NULL handle\n");
             return;
         }
         DBG("AndroidInterfaceNotify\n");
         IOObjectRelease(handle->usbNotification);
         usb_kick(handle);
     }
 }

 //* TODO: simplify this further since we only register to get ADB interface
 //* subclass+protocol events
 static usb_handle*
 CheckInterface(IOUSBInterfaceInterface **interface, UInt16 vendor, UInt16 product)
 {
     usb_handle*                 handle = NULL;
     IOReturn                    kr;
     UInt8  interfaceNumEndpoints, interfaceClass, interfaceSubClass, interfaceProtocol;
     UInt8  endpoint;


     //* Now open the interface.  This will cause the pipes associated with
     //* the endpoints in the interface descriptor to be instantiated
     kr = (*interface)->USBInterfaceOpen(interface);
     if (kr != kIOReturnSuccess) {
         DBG("ERR: Could not open interface: (%08x)\n", kr);
         return NULL;
     }

     //* Get the number of endpoints associated with this interface
     kr = (*interface)->GetNumEndpoints(interface, &interfaceNumEndpoints);
     if (kr != kIOReturnSuccess) {
         DBG("ERR: Unable to get number of endpoints: (%08x)\n", kr);
         goto err_get_num_ep;
     }

     //* Get interface class, subclass and protocol
     if ((*interface)->GetInterfaceClass(interface, &interfaceClass) != kIOReturnSuccess ||
             (*interface)->GetInterfaceSubClass(interface, &interfaceSubClass) != kIOReturnSuccess ||
             (*interface)->GetInterfaceProtocol(interface, &interfaceProtocol) != kIOReturnSuccess) {
             DBG("ERR: Unable to get interface class, subclass and protocol\n");
             goto err_get_interface_class;
     }

     //* check to make sure interface class, subclass and protocol match ADB
     //* avoid opening mass storage endpoints
     if (!is_adb_interface(vendor, product, interfaceClass,
                 interfaceSubClass, interfaceProtocol))
         goto err_bad_adb_interface;

     handle = reinterpret_cast<usb_handle*>(calloc(1, sizeof(usb_handle)));
     if (handle == nullptr) goto err_bad_adb_interface;

     //* Iterate over the endpoints for this interface and find the first
     //* bulk in/out pipes available.  These will be our read/write pipes.
     for (endpoint = 0; endpoint <= interfaceNumEndpoints; endpoint++) {
         UInt8   transferType;
         UInt16  maxPacketSize;
         UInt8   interval;
         UInt8   number;
         UInt8   direction;

         kr = (*interface)->GetPipeProperties(interface, endpoint, &direction,
                 &number, &transferType, &maxPacketSize, &interval);

         if (kIOReturnSuccess == kr) {
             if (kUSBBulk != transferType)
                 continue;

             if (kUSBIn == direction)
                 handle->bulkIn = endpoint;

             if (kUSBOut == direction)
                 handle->bulkOut = endpoint;

             handle->zero_mask = maxPacketSize - 1;
         } else {
             DBG("ERR: FindDeviceInterface - could not get pipe properties\n");
             goto err_get_pipe_props;
         }
     }

     handle->interface = interface;
     return handle;

 err_get_pipe_props:
     free(handle);
 err_bad_adb_interface:
 err_get_interface_class:
 err_get_num_ep:
     (*interface)->USBInterfaceClose(interface);
     return NULL;
 }


 void* RunLoopThread(void* unused)
 {
     InitUSB();

     currentRunLoop = CFRunLoopGetCurrent();

     // Signal the parent that we are running
     adb_mutex_lock(&start_lock);
     adb_cond_signal(&start_cond);
     adb_mutex_unlock(&start_lock);

     CFRunLoopRun();
     currentRunLoop = 0;

     IOObjectRelease(notificationIterator);
     IONotificationPortDestroy(notificationPort);

     DBG("RunLoopThread done\n");
     return NULL;
 }


 static int initialized = 0;
 void usb_init()
 {
     if (!initialized)
     {
         adb_thread_t    tid;

         adb_mutex_init(&start_lock, NULL);
         adb_cond_init(&start_cond, NULL);

         if(adb_thread_create(&tid, RunLoopThread, NULL))
             fatal_errno("cannot create input thread");

         // Wait for initialization to finish
         adb_mutex_lock(&start_lock);
         adb_cond_wait(&start_cond, &start_lock);
         adb_mutex_unlock(&start_lock);

         adb_mutex_destroy(&start_lock);
         adb_cond_destroy(&start_cond);

         initialized = 1;
     }
 }

 void usb_cleanup()
 {
     DBG("usb_cleanup\n");
     close_usb_devices();
     if (currentRunLoop)
         CFRunLoopStop(currentRunLoop);
 }

 int usb_write(usb_handle *handle, const void *buf, int len)
 {
     IOReturn    result;

     if (!len)
         return 0;

     if (!handle)
         return -1;

     if (NULL == handle->interface) {
         DBG("ERR: usb_write interface was null\n");
         return -1;
     }

     if (0 == handle->bulkOut) {
         DBG("ERR: bulkOut endpoint not assigned\n");
         return -1;
     }

     result =
         (*handle->interface)->WritePipe(
                               handle->interface, handle->bulkOut, (void *)buf, len);

     if ((result == 0) && (handle->zero_mask)) {
         /* we need 0-markers and our transfer */
         if(!(len & handle->zero_mask)) {
             result =
                 (*handle->interface)->WritePipe(
                         handle->interface, handle->bulkOut, (void *)buf, 0);
         }
     }

     if (0 == result)
         return 0;

     DBG("ERR: usb_write failed with status %d\n", result);
     return -1;
 }

 int usb_read(usb_handle *handle, void *buf, int len)
 {
     IOReturn result;
     UInt32  numBytes = len;

     if (!len) {
         return 0;
     }

     if (!handle) {
         return -1;
     }

     if (NULL == handle->interface) {
         DBG("ERR: usb_read interface was null\n");
         return -1;
     }

     if (0 == handle->bulkIn) {
         DBG("ERR: bulkIn endpoint not assigned\n");
         return -1;
     }

     result = (*handle->interface)->ReadPipe(handle->interface, handle->bulkIn, buf, &numBytes);

     if (kIOUSBPipeStalled == result) {
         DBG(" Pipe stalled, clearing stall.\n");
         (*handle->interface)->ClearPipeStall(handle->interface, handle->bulkIn);
         result = (*handle->interface)->ReadPipe(handle->interface, handle->bulkIn, buf, &numBytes);
     }

     if (kIOReturnSuccess == result)
         return 0;
     else {
         DBG("ERR: usb_read failed with status %x\n", result);
     }

     return -1;
 }

 int usb_close(usb_handle *handle)
 {
     return 0;
 }

 void usb_kick(usb_handle *handle)
 {
     /* release the interface */
     if (!handle)
         return;

     if (handle->interface)
     {
         (*handle->interface)->USBInterfaceClose(handle->interface);
         (*handle->interface)->Release(handle->interface);
         handle->interface = 0;
     }
 }
	/*
	* Copyright (C) 2007 The Android Open Source Project
	*
	* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
	* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
	* You may obtain a copy of the License at
	*
	* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
	*
	* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
	* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
	* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
	* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
	* limitations under the License.
	*/

	#define TRACE_TAG TRACE_USB

	#include "sysdeps.h"

	#include <CoreFoundation/CoreFoundation.h>

	#include <IOKit/IOKitLib.h>
	#include <IOKit/IOCFPlugIn.h>
	#include <IOKit/usb/IOUSBLib.h>
	#include <IOKit/IOMessage.h>
	#include <mach/mach_port.h>

	#include <inttypes.h>
	#include <stdio.h>

	#include "adb.h"
	#include "transport.h"

	#define DBG D

	static IONotificationPortRef notificationPort = 0;
	static io_iterator_t notificationIterator;

	struct usb_handle
	{
	UInt8 bulkIn;
	UInt8 bulkOut;
	IOUSBInterfaceInterface **interface;
	io_object_t usbNotification;
	unsigned int zero_mask;
	};

	static CFRunLoopRef currentRunLoop = 0;
	static pthread_mutex_t start_lock;
	static pthread_cond_t start_cond;


	static void AndroidInterfaceAdded(void *refCon, io_iterator_t iterator);
	static void AndroidInterfaceNotify(void *refCon, io_iterator_t iterator,
	natural_t messageType,
	void *messageArgument);
	static usb_handle* CheckInterface(IOUSBInterfaceInterface **iface,
	UInt16 vendor, UInt16 product);

	static int
	InitUSB()
	{
	CFMutableDictionaryRef matchingDict;
	CFRunLoopSourceRef runLoopSource;

	//* To set up asynchronous notifications, create a notification port and
	//* add its run loop event source to the program's run loop
	notificationPort = IONotificationPortCreate(kIOMasterPortDefault);
	runLoopSource = IONotificationPortGetRunLoopSource(notificationPort);
	CFRunLoopAddSource(CFRunLoopGetCurrent(), runLoopSource, kCFRunLoopDefaultMode);

	//* Create our matching dictionary to find the Android device's
	//* adb interface
	//* IOServiceAddMatchingNotification consumes the reference, so we do
	//* not need to release this
	matchingDict = IOServiceMatching(kIOUSBInterfaceClassName);

	if (!matchingDict) {
	DBG("ERR: Couldn't create USB matching dictionary.\n");
	return -1;
	}

	//* We have to get notifications for all potential candidates and test them
	//* at connection time because the matching rules don't allow for a
	//* USB interface class of 0xff for class+subclass+protocol matches
	//* See https://developer.apple.com/library/mac/qa/qa1076/_index.html
	IOServiceAddMatchingNotification(
	notificationPort,
	kIOFirstMatchNotification,
	matchingDict,
	AndroidInterfaceAdded,
	NULL,
	&notificationIterator);

	//* Iterate over set of matching interfaces to access already-present
	//* devices and to arm the notification
	AndroidInterfaceAdded(NULL, notificationIterator);

	return 0;
	}

	static void
	AndroidInterfaceAdded(void *refCon, io_iterator_t iterator)
	{
	kern_return_t kr;
	io_service_t usbDevice;
	io_service_t usbInterface;
	IOCFPlugInInterface **plugInInterface = NULL;
	IOUSBInterfaceInterface220 **iface = NULL;
	IOUSBDeviceInterface197 **dev = NULL;
	HRESULT result;
	SInt32 score;
	UInt32 locationId;
	UInt8 if_class, subclass, protocol;
	UInt16 vendor;
	UInt16 product;
	UInt8 serialIndex;
	char serial[256];
	char devpathBuf[64];
	char *devpath = NULL;

	while ((usbInterface = IOIteratorNext(iterator))) {
	//* Create an intermediate interface plugin
	kr = IOCreatePlugInInterfaceForService(usbInterface,
	kIOUSBInterfaceUserClientTypeID,
	kIOCFPlugInInterfaceID,
	&plugInInterface, &score);
	IOObjectRelease(usbInterface);
	if ((kIOReturnSuccess != kr) \|\| (!plugInInterface)) {
	DBG("ERR: Unable to create an interface plug-in (%08x)\n", kr);
	continue;
	}

	//* This gets us the interface object
	result = (*plugInInterface)->QueryInterface(
	plugInInterface,
	CFUUIDGetUUIDBytes(kIOUSBInterfaceInterfaceID), (LPVOID*)&iface);
	//* We only needed the plugin to get the interface, so discard it
	(*plugInInterface)->Release(plugInInterface);
	if (result \|\| !iface) {
	DBG("ERR: Couldn't query the interface (%08x)\n", (int) result);
	continue;
	}

	kr = (*iface)->GetInterfaceClass(iface, &if_class);
	kr = (*iface)->GetInterfaceSubClass(iface, &subclass);
	kr = (*iface)->GetInterfaceProtocol(iface, &protocol);
	if(if_class != ADB_CLASS \|\| subclass != ADB_SUBCLASS \|\| protocol != ADB_PROTOCOL) {
	// Ignore non-ADB devices.
	DBG("Ignoring interface with incorrect class/subclass/protocol - %d, %d, %d\n", if_class, subclass, protocol);
	(*iface)->Release(iface);
	continue;
	}

	//* this gets us an ioservice, with which we will find the actual
	//* device; after getting a plugin, and querying the interface, of
	//* course.
	//* Gotta love OS X
	kr = (*iface)->GetDevice(iface, &usbDevice);
	if (kIOReturnSuccess != kr \|\| !usbDevice) {
	DBG("ERR: Couldn't grab device from interface (%08x)\n", kr);
	continue;
	}

	plugInInterface = NULL;
	score = 0;
	//* create an intermediate device plugin
	kr = IOCreatePlugInInterfaceForService(usbDevice,
	kIOUSBDeviceUserClientTypeID,
	kIOCFPlugInInterfaceID,
	&plugInInterface, &score);
	//* only needed this to find the plugin
	(void)IOObjectRelease(usbDevice);
	if ((kIOReturnSuccess != kr) \|\| (!plugInInterface)) {
	DBG("ERR: Unable to create a device plug-in (%08x)\n", kr);
	continue;
	}

	result = (*plugInInterface)->QueryInterface(plugInInterface,
	CFUUIDGetUUIDBytes(kIOUSBDeviceInterfaceID), (LPVOID*)&dev);
	//* only needed this to query the plugin
	(*plugInInterface)->Release(plugInInterface);
	if (result \|\| !dev) {
	DBG("ERR: Couldn't create a device interface (%08x)\n",
	(int) result);
	continue;
	}

	//* Now after all that, we actually have a ref to the device and
	//* the interface that matched our criteria
	kr = (*dev)->GetDeviceVendor(dev, &vendor);
	kr = (*dev)->GetDeviceProduct(dev, &product);
	kr = (*dev)->GetLocationID(dev, &locationId);
	if (kr == 0) {
	snprintf(devpathBuf, sizeof(devpathBuf), "usb:%" PRIu32 "X",
	(unsigned int)locationId);
	devpath = devpathBuf;
	}
	kr = (*dev)->USBGetSerialNumberStringIndex(dev, &serialIndex);

	if (serialIndex > 0) {
	IOUSBDevRequest req;
	UInt16 buffer[256];
	UInt16 languages[128];

	memset(languages, 0, sizeof(languages));

	req.bmRequestType =
	USBmakebmRequestType(kUSBIn, kUSBStandard, kUSBDevice);
	req.bRequest = kUSBRqGetDescriptor;
	req.wValue = (kUSBStringDesc << 8) \| 0;
	req.wIndex = 0;
	req.pData = languages;
	req.wLength = sizeof(languages);
	kr = (*dev)->DeviceRequest(dev, &req);

	if (kr == kIOReturnSuccess && req.wLenDone > 0) {

	int langCount = (req.wLenDone - 2) / 2, lang;

	for (lang = 1; lang <= langCount; lang++) {

	memset(buffer, 0, sizeof(buffer));
	memset(&req, 0, sizeof(req));

	req.bmRequestType =
	USBmakebmRequestType(kUSBIn, kUSBStandard, kUSBDevice);
	req.bRequest = kUSBRqGetDescriptor;
	req.wValue = (kUSBStringDesc << 8) \| serialIndex;
	req.wIndex = languages[lang];
	req.pData = buffer;
	req.wLength = sizeof(buffer);
	kr = (*dev)->DeviceRequest(dev, &req);

	if (kr == kIOReturnSuccess && req.wLenDone > 0) {
	int i, count;

	// skip first word, and copy the rest to the serial string,
	// changing shorts to bytes.
	count = (req.wLenDone - 1) / 2;
	for (i = 0; i < count; i++)
	serial[i] = buffer[i + 1];
	serial[i] = 0;
	break;
	}
	}
	}
	}
	(*dev)->Release(dev);

	DBG("INFO: Found vid=%04x pid=%04x serial=%s\n", vendor, product,
	serial);

	usb_handle* handle = CheckInterface((IOUSBInterfaceInterface**)iface,
	vendor, product);
	if (handle == NULL) {
	DBG("ERR: Could not find device interface: %08x\n", kr);
	(*iface)->Release(iface);
	continue;
	}

	DBG("AndroidDeviceAdded calling register_usb_transport\n");
	register_usb_transport(handle, (serial[0] ? serial : NULL), devpath, 1);

	// Register for an interest notification of this device being removed.
	// Pass the reference to our private data as the refCon for the
	// notification.
	kr = IOServiceAddInterestNotification(notificationPort,
	usbInterface,
	kIOGeneralInterest,
	AndroidInterfaceNotify,
	handle,
	&handle->usbNotification);

	if (kIOReturnSuccess != kr) {
	DBG("ERR: Unable to create interest notification (%08x)\n", kr);
	}
	}
	}

	static void
	AndroidInterfaceNotify(void refCon, io_service_t service, natural_t messageType, void messageArgument)
	{
	usb_handle handle = (usb_handle )refCon;

	if (messageType == kIOMessageServiceIsTerminated) {
	if (!handle) {
	DBG("ERR: NULL handle\n");
	return;
	}
	DBG("AndroidInterfaceNotify\n");
	IOObjectRelease(handle->usbNotification);
	usb_kick(handle);
	}
	}

	//* TODO: simplify this further since we only register to get ADB interface
	//* subclass+protocol events
	static usb_handle*
	CheckInterface(IOUSBInterfaceInterface **interface, UInt16 vendor, UInt16 product)
	{
	usb_handle* handle = NULL;
	IOReturn kr;
	UInt8 interfaceNumEndpoints, interfaceClass, interfaceSubClass, interfaceProtocol;
	UInt8 endpoint;


	//* Now open the interface. This will cause the pipes associated with
	//* the endpoints in the interface descriptor to be instantiated
	kr = (*interface)->USBInterfaceOpen(interface);
	if (kr != kIOReturnSuccess) {
	DBG("ERR: Could not open interface: (%08x)\n", kr);
	return NULL;
	}

	//* Get the number of endpoints associated with this interface
	kr = (*interface)->GetNumEndpoints(interface, &interfaceNumEndpoints);
	if (kr != kIOReturnSuccess) {
	DBG("ERR: Unable to get number of endpoints: (%08x)\n", kr);
	goto err_get_num_ep;
	}

	//* Get interface class, subclass and protocol
	if ((*interface)->GetInterfaceClass(interface, &interfaceClass) != kIOReturnSuccess \|\|
	(*interface)->GetInterfaceSubClass(interface, &interfaceSubClass) != kIOReturnSuccess \|\|
	(*interface)->GetInterfaceProtocol(interface, &interfaceProtocol) != kIOReturnSuccess) {
	DBG("ERR: Unable to get interface class, subclass and protocol\n");
	goto err_get_interface_class;
	}

	//* check to make sure interface class, subclass and protocol match ADB
	//* avoid opening mass storage endpoints
	if (!is_adb_interface(vendor, product, interfaceClass,
	interfaceSubClass, interfaceProtocol))
	goto err_bad_adb_interface;

	handle = reinterpret_cast<usb_handle*>(calloc(1, sizeof(usb_handle)));
	if (handle == nullptr) goto err_bad_adb_interface;

	//* Iterate over the endpoints for this interface and find the first
	//* bulk in/out pipes available. These will be our read/write pipes.
	for (endpoint = 0; endpoint <= interfaceNumEndpoints; endpoint++) {
	UInt8 transferType;
	UInt16 maxPacketSize;
	UInt8 interval;
	UInt8 number;
	UInt8 direction;

	kr = (*interface)->GetPipeProperties(interface, endpoint, &direction,
	&number, &transferType, &maxPacketSize, &interval);

	if (kIOReturnSuccess == kr) {
	if (kUSBBulk != transferType)
	continue;

	if (kUSBIn == direction)
	handle->bulkIn = endpoint;

	if (kUSBOut == direction)
	handle->bulkOut = endpoint;

	handle->zero_mask = maxPacketSize - 1;
	} else {
	DBG("ERR: FindDeviceInterface - could not get pipe properties\n");
	goto err_get_pipe_props;
	}
	}

	handle->interface = interface;
	return handle;

	err_get_pipe_props:
	free(handle);
	err_bad_adb_interface:
	err_get_interface_class:
	err_get_num_ep:
	(*interface)->USBInterfaceClose(interface);
	return NULL;
	}


	void* RunLoopThread(void* unused)
	{
	InitUSB();

	currentRunLoop = CFRunLoopGetCurrent();

	// Signal the parent that we are running
	adb_mutex_lock(&start_lock);
	adb_cond_signal(&start_cond);
	adb_mutex_unlock(&start_lock);

	CFRunLoopRun();
	currentRunLoop = 0;

	IOObjectRelease(notificationIterator);
	IONotificationPortDestroy(notificationPort);

	DBG("RunLoopThread done\n");
	return NULL;
	}


	static int initialized = 0;
	void usb_init()
	{
	if (!initialized)
	{
	adb_thread_t tid;

	adb_mutex_init(&start_lock, NULL);
	adb_cond_init(&start_cond, NULL);

	if(adb_thread_create(&tid, RunLoopThread, NULL))
	fatal_errno("cannot create input thread");

	// Wait for initialization to finish
	adb_mutex_lock(&start_lock);
	adb_cond_wait(&start_cond, &start_lock);
	adb_mutex_unlock(&start_lock);

	adb_mutex_destroy(&start_lock);
	adb_cond_destroy(&start_cond);

	initialized = 1;
	}
	}

	void usb_cleanup()
	{
	DBG("usb_cleanup\n");
	close_usb_devices();
	if (currentRunLoop)
	CFRunLoopStop(currentRunLoop);
	}

	int usb_write(usb_handle handle, const void buf, int len)
	{
	IOReturn result;

	if (!len)
	return 0;

	if (!handle)
	return -1;

	if (NULL == handle->interface) {
	DBG("ERR: usb_write interface was null\n");
	return -1;
	}

	if (0 == handle->bulkOut) {
	DBG("ERR: bulkOut endpoint not assigned\n");
	return -1;
	}

	result =
	(*handle->interface)->WritePipe(
	handle->interface, handle->bulkOut, (void *)buf, len);

	if ((result == 0) && (handle->zero_mask)) {
	/* we need 0-markers and our transfer */
	if(!(len & handle->zero_mask)) {
	result =
	(*handle->interface)->WritePipe(
	handle->interface, handle->bulkOut, (void *)buf, 0);
	}
	}

	if (0 == result)
	return 0;

	DBG("ERR: usb_write failed with status %d\n", result);
	return -1;
	}

	int usb_read(usb_handle handle, void buf, int len)
	{
	IOReturn result;
	UInt32 numBytes = len;

	if (!len) {
	return 0;
	}

	if (!handle) {
	return -1;
	}

	if (NULL == handle->interface) {
	DBG("ERR: usb_read interface was null\n");
	return -1;
	}

	if (0 == handle->bulkIn) {
	DBG("ERR: bulkIn endpoint not assigned\n");
	return -1;
	}

	result = (*handle->interface)->ReadPipe(handle->interface, handle->bulkIn, buf, &numBytes);

	if (kIOUSBPipeStalled == result) {
	DBG(" Pipe stalled, clearing stall.\n");
	(*handle->interface)->ClearPipeStall(handle->interface, handle->bulkIn);
	result = (*handle->interface)->ReadPipe(handle->interface, handle->bulkIn, buf, &numBytes);
	}

	if (kIOReturnSuccess == result)
	return 0;
	else {
	DBG("ERR: usb_read failed with status %x\n", result);
	}

	return -1;
	}

	int usb_close(usb_handle *handle)
	{
	return 0;
	}

	void usb_kick(usb_handle *handle)
	{
	/* release the interface */
	if (!handle)
	return;

	if (handle->interface)
	{
	(*handle->interface)->USBInterfaceClose(handle->interface);
	(*handle->interface)->Release(handle->interface);
	handle->interface = 0;
	}
	}