purpose
-------

A proposal for proper syncing and clocking of a pipeline.

Requirements
------------

 - elements should be able to get the time and wait for a specific
   time
 - some elements should be able to control and adjust the clock.
   (clock master)
 - the application should be able to provide another clock.

Clocks
------

A clock extends the abstract GstClock class.

gst_clock_get_time should always report an equal or increasing
value with each succesive call.


Clock providers
---------------

Clock providers call gst_element_provides_clock (element, clock)
in their _init function. This will set some element flags.
This also means that a clock provider cannot stop being a clock
provider.

Clock providers will update the clock at specific intervals. 
get_resolution/set_resolution can be used to control the resolution.

When a clock provider is not going to update the clock anymore
it should make sure elements still blocked on the clock get
unblocked at the right time. This can be done by converting all
blocking waits to a select call. All further waits on the clock
should be estimated (using gettimeofday for example)


Clock receivers
---------------

An element needing a clock must implement the element receive_clock method.
It has to use the clock received in this function or if the 
clock == NULL it should not do any waiting at all.


Clocks and the scheduler
------------------------

The scheduler knows about the clocks, else a clock provider and receiver
in the same scheduler could cause a deadlock.

Only one clock provider is allowed per scheduler. multiple clock
receivers are allowed per scheduler.


Specifying clocks
-----------------

on every bin with a scheduler, gst_bin_use_clock (bin, clock) can be used 
to force the use of this specific clock for all the elements in this bin. 

gst_bin_use_clock (bin, NULL) to disable all clocking for this bin.

gst_bin_auto_clock (bin) to use the default algorithm to find a clock.

bins that get a use clock set a flag and store the clock, they also call
set_clock on all of their children. When other children are added, they
all get the stored clock.


Clock distribution
------------------

clock providers and receivers are collected in the bins on element 
add/remove, recursing bins if needed. 

the toplevel bin with a scheduler selects the global clock and calls
set_clock on itself. This happens in the NULL->READY state.

bins dispatch the set_clock to to all of the reveivers. Bins with
a scheduler and another use_clock do nothing.

Bins with a scheduler also notify the scheduler of the clock.


Clock usage
-----------

when an element wants to wait for a specific time, if calls
gst_element_clock_wait (elements, clock, time). The call is dispatched
to the scheduler of the element which can use the owner field 
of the clock to check if the elements are in the same scheduler.

For elements waiting for a clock provided by an element in another
scheduler there is no problem.

When provider and receiver are in the same scheduler, a deadlock can
occur since the scheduler will block on the wait without being able to
schedule the provider again to update the clock. 

A solution would be to call the async notify of the clock and schedule
some other element (the provider?). We probably need an event based
scheduler for this. When the async event arrives we can reschedule
the receiver and continue.

The current scheduler will assert on this condition for now.


Changing clocks
---------------

The clock can only be changed when the bin is in the PAUSED state.


State Changes
-------------

When the pipeline is PAUSED, the clock is stopped with 
gst_clock_enable (clock, FALSE). The clock should unblock all
waiting elements ASAP and return GST_CLOCK_STOP in the wait.

Elements waiting for a clock and receiving the STOP should 
process the last buffer ASAP and break out of their loop.

When the pipeline is brought to the READY state, the clock is 
set to 0.

When the clock is enabled again, it should start counting from where
it was last disabled.

NULL->READY     : distribute clock, clock_reset, 
READY->PAUSED   : clock_activate (FALSE)
PAUSED->PLAYING : clock_activate (TRUE)
PLAYING->PAUSED : clock_activate (FALSE);
PAUSED->READY   : clock_reset
READY->NULL     : delete clock;


automatic Clock selection
-------------------------

Select a random clock from the Src elements.
if no Src elements exist with a clock, select a random clock from the
Sink elements.
else use a default System Clock.

Src elements with a clock are prefered because they usualy provide
live audio/video.

Issues
------

ossrc ! osssink can cause clock drift if osssink doesn't process the bytes
at the same rate osssrc provides them (different hardware). Things will
stutter and cracle if this is the case.	QoS and a resampler could solve
this.


Use Cases
---------
                     -- queue ! mpeg2dec ! videosink
                    /
filesrc ! mpegdemux 
                    \
                     -- queue ! mad ! osssink


videosink is a receiver
osssink is a provider

osssink is selected as a clock provider since it is a Sink. The global
pipeline distributes the clock to videosink and osssink.
osssink sees that it receives its own clock.

osssink uses the OSS ioctls to determine the number of bytes processed
by the hardware. using the audio rate it can figure out the exact time
and updates its clock with a resolution that matches the resolution 
as closely as possible. 

videosink blocks on the clock. with each update of the clock videosink
is unblocked if the current time >= wait time and shows the frame.

when osssink is PAUSED, the clock will not be updated anymore. osssink
instructs its clock to convert all requests to select() calls.
When it is set to PLAYING again, it resumes normal operation.